基本信息
| 标准名称： | ＭＪ螺纹十字槽１００°沉头螺钉 |
| 中标分类： |
机械 >>
通用零部件 >>
紧固件 |
| 替代情况： | 被GJB 3373-1998代替 |
| 发布日期： | 1996-09-13 |
| 实施日期： | 1997-01-01 |
| 首发日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 作废日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 出版日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 页数： | 3页 |
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所属分类： 机械 通用零部件 紧固件
【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforPerformingValueAnalysis(VA)ofBuildingsandBuildingSystemsandOtherConstructedProjects
【原文标准名称】:对建筑物、建筑系统以及其他构筑物进行价值分析的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTME1699-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E06.81
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:buildingeconomics;functionanalysis;life-cyclecosting;valueanalysis;valueengineering;Buildingdesignandconstruction;Buildingeconomics;Functionanalysis;Life-cyclecost(LCC)analysis;Valueanalysis(VA);VATL(valueanalysisteamleader)
【摘要】:PerformVAduringtheplanning,design,andconstructionphasesofaproject.Themosteffectiveapplicationofvalueanalysisisearlyinthedesignphaseofaproject.Changesorredirectioninthedesigncanbeaccommodatedwithoutextensiveredesignatthispoint,therebysavingtheowner/user/stakeholder''stimeandmoney.Duringtheearlieststagesofdesign,refertovalueanalysisasvalueplanning.Usetheproceduretoanalyzepredesigndocuments,forexample,programdocumentsandspaceplanningdocuments.Atthepredesignstage,performVAtodefinetheproject''sfunctions,andtoachieveconsensusontheproject''sdirectionandapproachbytheprojectteam,forexample,theowner,thedesignprofessional,theuser,andtheconstructionmanager.ByparticipatinginthisearlyVAexercise,membersoftheprojectteamcommunicatetheirneedstotheotherteammembersandidentifythoseneedsinthecommonlanguageoffunctions.Byexpressingtheprojectinthesetermsearlyinthedesignprocess,theprojectteamminimizesmiscommunicationandredesign,whicharecostlyinbothlaborexpendituresandscheduledelays.Alsoperformvalueanalysisduringschematicdesign(upto15%designcompletion),designdevelopment(upto45%designcompletion),andconstructiondocuments(upto100%designcompletion).ConductVAstudiesatseveralstagesofdesigncompletiontodefineorconfirmprojectfunctions,toverifytechnicalandmanagementapproaches,toanalyzeselectionofequipmentandmaterials,andtoassesstheproject''seconomicsandtechnicalfeasibility.PerformVAstudiesconcurrentlywiththeuser/owner''sdesignreviewschedulestomaintaintheprojectschedule.Throughtheschematicdesignanddesigndevelopmentstages,theVAteamanalyzesthedrawingsandspecificationsfromeachtechnicaldiscipline.Duringtheconstructiondocumentsstage,theVAteamanalyzesthedesigndrawingsandspecifications,aswellasthedetails,andequipmentselection,whicharemoreclearlydefinedatthislaterstage.Avalueanalysisstudyperformedata90to100%completionstage,justpriortobidding,concentratesoneconomicsandtechnicalfeasibility.Considermethodsofconstruction,phasingofconstruction,andprocurement.Thegoalsatthisstageofdesignaretominimizeconstructioncostsandthepotentialforclaims;analyzemanagementandadministration;andreviewthedesign,equipment,andmaterialsused.Duringconstruction,analyzevalueanalysischangeproposals(VACP)ofthecontractor.VACPsreducethecostordurationofconstructionorpresentalternativemethodsofconstruction,withoutreducingperformanceoracceptance.Atthisstagethealternativespresentedtotheowner/user/stakeholderarecalledvalueanalysischangeproposals.ToencouragethecontractortoproposeworthwhileVACPs,theownerandthecontractorsharetheresultantsavingswhenpermittedbycontract.ThenumberandtimingofVAstudiesvariesforeveryproject.Theowner/user/stakeholder,thedesignprofessional,andthevalueanalystdeterminethebestapproachjointly.Acomplexorexpensivefacility,oradesignthatwillbeusedrepeatedly,warrantsaminimumoftwoVAstudies,performedatthepredesignanddesigndevelopmentstages.1.1Thispracticecoversaprocedurefordefiningandsatisfyingthefunctionsofaproject.1.2Amultidisciplinaryteamusestheproceduretoconvertstakeholderconstraints,needs,anddesiresintodescriptionsofprojectfunctionsandthenrelatesthesefunctionstorevenuesandcost.1.3Examplesofcostsareallrelevantcostsoveradesignatedstudyperiod,includingthecostsofobtainingfunds,designing,purchasing/leasing,constructing/installing,operating,maintaining,repairing,replacinganddisposingoftheparticularbuildingdesignorsystem(seeTer......
【中国标准分类号】:P02
【国际标准分类号】:91_040_01
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语